Project Description
NEUROLOGIC CONDITIONS
OVERVIEW
Autoimmune disorders can affect the body’s neurological system to produce certain conditions. These conditions can affect the brain, spinal cord, or nerves that control the body’s sensation and movement.
Conditions treated can include:
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Demographically, individuals are usually diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 50 years. Typically there are 2-3 times more women than men afflicted with MS. Individuals of all ethnic background have developed MS, but it has been found to be more prevalent in caucasians and northern european background.
Overview
There are more than 2.3 million people worldwide afflicted with MS. The disease factors that have been found to contribute or associated with MS include gender, age, genetics, geography and ethnic background. The cause of MS is not known. It is thought that there is an environmental factor that an individual may be genetically predisposed to respond to that environmental factor. The result is that the myelin sheath of the body’s nerves is damaged and the nerve impulses are disrupted.
Symptoms
Symptoms are not predictable for any one person. The more common symptoms of MS include:
- Fatigue
- Walking difficulties (Gait)
- Numbness or tingling
- Weakness
- Vision problems
- Dizziness/Vertigo
- Muscle spasticity
- Bowel and bladder changes
- Emotional changes and depression
- Cognitive changesLess common symptoms include:
- Fatigue
- Speech and swallowing problems
- Seizures and tremors
- Itching
- Headache
- Hearing Loss
Treatment
There is no cure for multiple sclerosis. Treatment typically focuses on speeding recovery from attacks, slowing the progression of the disease and managing MS symptoms. Some people have such mild symptoms that no treatment is necessary.*
For additional information about multiple sclerosis click HERE.
GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING POLYNEUROPATHY
Overview
Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is a rare neurological disorder which causes an acute and rapidly progressive autoimmune attack on the body’s nerves, damaging the myelin sheath (protective covering). This interferes with the function of the nerves, causing numbness, weakness, and in some cases, paralysis. The condition is more frequent in older adults. It is estimated that GBS affects one in 100,000 people annually. The exact cause is not known and it is not contagious or hereditary. Often an individual experiences an infectious illness prior to developing the first symptoms. Some common triggers that have been reported include viral illness, hepatitis, HIV, other infections, and some cancers. This condition can vary in severity, but in its most severe form it is deemed a medical emergency. A very closely related condition is Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP), in which there is a chronic autoimmune attack on the peripheral nerves causing similar but less extreme symptoms. CIDP is considered to be the chronic counterpart of GBS and is treated similarly.
Symptoms
Typically the first symptoms experienced are weakness and tingling in one’s extremities that can spread to the upper body. In its most extreme state, it could progress to whole body paralysis.
Symptoms Include:
- Pins & needles sensation in the extremities
- Leg weakness with walking difficulty
- Loss of facial movement affecting speech, chewing, and swallowing
- Bowel and bladder function problems
- Breathing difficulties
- Pain in arms and legs
Abnormal heart beat, heart rate and blood pressure
Diagnostics
It can be difficult to diagnosis this syndrome in its early phase. Physical exam will assess the symptoms, their speed, their progression and their symmetry. The common tests utilized to diagnosis GBS and CIDP include:
- Spinal Tap – shows an elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein without elevated cell count.
- Electromyography and Nerve Conduction Study (EMG/NCS) – shows altered nerve function
There are no cures for GBS or CIDP, but there are treatments to assist with the easing symptoms and help with recovery.
- Immunoglobulin Infusion Therapy (IVIG)
- Rituximab (Rituxan)
- Intravenous Solumedrol
NEUROPATHY
Overview
Neuropathy is a term used to describe as a problem with peripheral nerves as opposed to the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord). Though doctors are sometimes unable to pinpoint the exact cause of an acquired neuropathy (this is then known as an idiopathic neuropathy), there are many known causes: systemic diseases, physical trauma, exposure to toxins, drugs, infectious diseases and autoimmune disorders.
Who does Neuropathy affect?
There are three types of nerves that can be involved, autonomic, mother and sensory. Neuropathies are either inherited at birth or acquired later in life. It is often seen with a number of different underlying medical conditions. Diabetes is one of the most common conditions that neuropathy is associated with. It can cause chronic high blood glucose levels that damage nerves.
Other medical conditions include:
- Alcoholism
- Shingles
- Spinal cord injury
- Facial nerve diseases
- Infectious diseases, including herpes zoster, HIV, Lyme disease, Chagas disease, and leprosy
- Chemotherapy
- Poisoning from toxins, such as thallium, lead, and arsenic
- Hereditary disorders, including Fabry’s disease and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
- Autoimmune disorders, such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and vasculitic neuropathy, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogrens Syndrome
- Multiple sclerosis (MS)
- Physical nerve injuries, including carpal tunnel syndrome and sciatica
- Guillain-Barre Syndrome
What are the symptoms?
The term ‘neuropathy’ is associated with a large number of body areas as well as many nerves. The type of presenting symptoms depend on the type of nerves that are affected and can include:
- Sensory nerves (the nerves that control sensation) causing cause tingling, pain, numbness, or weakness in the feet and hands.
- Motor nerves (the nerves that allow power and movement) causing weakness in the feet and hands.
- Autonomic nerves (the nerves that control the systems of the body eg gut, bladder) causing changes in the heart rate and blood pressure or sweating.
Infusion treatment medications include:
- Immunoglobulin Infusion Therapy (IVIG)